
Chapter 12
History Project
By Faythe and Bella
The Yuan
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The Yuan dynasty started when Kublai Khan (also known as the Great Khan), the Mongol ruler, attacked China and won, he ended up conquering all of China. This was the first time in 300 year that all of China was united.The Great Khan conquering and taking over China was how the dynasty began. The Great Khan founded the Yuan dynasty in 1279 and it lasted through the year of 1368.
The Mongolians and the Yuans were able to be united because of the Great Khan originally being a Mongol leader. So, Pax Mongolica started, which gave the Yuan’s opportunities to have foreign contacts with them and trading increased because of the Mongol peace. The silk roads also reopened to the whole empire because of the unity, the Grand Canal was also extended and a 1,100 mile road was built along it from Hangzhou to Beijing. The Great Khan encouraged foreign relations and trade by inviting merchants from other lands to come and visit China, Marco Polo ended up visiting China and working for the Khan. Many things were traded like: Chinese silk and porcelain, gunpowder, paper money, the compass, and playing cards.
While Kublai Khan was ruling he moved the capital to present day Beijing, where he built a palace. All of the high governmental positions were either given to Mongols or foreign people, none of the high positions went to the Chinese, they got the lower positions because the Great Khan only tolerated the Chinese he didn’t necessarily agree with them. Also, under the rule of Kublai Khan, the Mongols stopped being a nomadic group and settled down and the Yuan’s tried to conquer Japan, not once but twice and failed both times, the first time was because the two groups were at a standstill and no one had won yet and the Yuan had lost a lot of lives and equipment and the second time was because of what the Japanese believe is the “Divine Wind” that saved their country from being taken over. These started the Yuan Dynasty’s decline. After the two Japanese losses, the Great Khan decided that he wanted to keep extending the empire, so he sent armies to Southeast Asia, they lost there as well. After these defeats, a lot of lives and equipment were lost, so all of the money being used on wars and fighting was lost. Also a lot of money was being used on public works and the rulers living the luxurious life. The taxes became higher for all of those reasons, which made people not happy. Then in 1294, the Great Khan died and his family kept arguing about who should rule, until there were rebellions and they overthrown in 1368 because of the high taxes.


